Démocratisons la thérapie assistée par psychédéliques

• Posture méta, médiane ou équidistante, vis-à-vis des différentes sources de savoir pertinentes, dans une perspective multidisciplinaire et de mise en dialogue heuristique continue, inclusive, et intégrative des différents modèles théoriques.
  
  

• Rigueur et prudence supportée par les données probantes, dans une optique de réduction des risques/méfaits (physiques, psychologiques, sociaux et spirituels).
  
  
• Ouverture et curiosité constante : proposer des modules de formation riches, basés sur les données probantes ET la connaissance expérientielle et empirique des thérapies psychédéliques, dans le but d’outiller les futurs thérapeutes PAP, face à toute situation de façon consciente, responsable et sécuritaire.
  
  
• Objectif de soutenir le développement responsable d’une PAP éthique et sécuritaire pour les patients, et dans le strict respect des considérations et obligations déontologiques encadrant l’exercice des différents intervenants.
  
  
• Un positionnement fondamentalement scientifique : tenter de faire avancer ensemble la science, en incluant comme objet d’étude “l’actuel inexplicable”; ceci sans aucun prosélytisme,  avec rigueur, honnêteté intellectuelle et courage. La combinaison d’une science matérialiste et d'une science post-matérialiste de façon équilibrée et cohérente.
  
  
• La spiritualité (sans référence à une religion particulière) : les études montrent de façon robuste que les patients vivront ipso facto à un moment ou à un autre une ou plusieurs expériences spirituelles, un phénomème solidement documenté par les essais cliniques du secteur.
  
  
• Objectif de soutenir le développement de “l’intelligence spirituelle” des futurs praticiens comme axe fondamental et posture de pratique leur permettant d'accueillir la vulnérabilité de leurs patients et de les accompagner avec pertinence et justesse, en incarnant avec conscience, les qualités d’humilité, de bienveillance, d’empathie et de compassion.
  
  
• Posture d’objectivité et de transparence : liées aux notions supportées par des données probantes (ou hypothèses plus spéculatives), ou encore liées à des notions issues d’autres cultures.
  
  
• Aider les futurs praticiens à trouver leur propre posture théorique.
  Une invitation à réfléchir ensemble, toujours dans une perspective multidisciplinaire :
  ‍
  -sur l’intérêt, la complémentarité et les différentes limites des différents modèles théoriques actuels (observation, description).
  -sur l’intérêt d’élargir avec humilité et sans appropriation culturelle, notre compréhension nécessairement partielle des savoirs traditionnels plurimillénaires.
  ‍-sur l’intérêt de la proposition d’un modèle plus intégratif (équidistance vis-à-vis des différentes sources de savoir).

‍

Aan Het Rot M, Collins KA, Murrough JW, Perez AM, Reich DL, Charney DS, Mathew SJ.

Safety and efficacy of repeated-dose intravenous ketamine for treatment-resistant

depression. Biological Psychiatry. 2010 Jan 15;67(2):139-45.

Abbar M., et Col., “Ketamine for the acute treatment of severe suicidal ideation: double blind,

randomised placebo controlled trial”, BMJ, 2022, 376:e067194 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ bmj-2021-

067194

Abdallah C.G., et Col., « Ketamine’s mechanism of action: a path to rapid acting antidepressants”,

Depression and Anxiety, 2017, 33, 8, 689-697.

Abdallah C.G., et Col., «Dose-related effects ok ketamine for antidepressant-resistant symptoms of

posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans and active duty military: a double-blind, randomized,

placebo—controlled multi-center clinical trial”, Neuropsychopharmacology, 2022, 47, 8, 1574-1581.

Adams TG, Bloch MH, Pittenger C. Intranasal ketamine and cognitive-behavioral therapy for

treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;37(2):269–271.

doi:10.1097/JCP.0000000000000659

Adler CM, Malhotra AK, Elman I, Goldberg T, Egan M, Pickar D, et al. Comparison of ketamine-

induced thought disorder in healthy volunteers and thought disorder in schizophrenia. Am J

Psychiatry. 1999 Oct;156(10):1646– 9.

Albott CS, Shiroma PR, Cullen KR, Johns B, Thuras P, Wels J, et al. The Antidepressant Effect of Repeat

Dose Intravenous Ketamine Is Delayed by Concurrent Benzodiazepine Use. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017

Mar;78(3):e308–9.

Albott C, Lim KO, Forbes MK, Erbes C, Tye SJ, Grabowski JG, et al. Efficacy, safety, and

durability of repeated ketamine infusions for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and

treatment-resistant depression. J Clin Psychiatry,2018; 79(3): 17m11634

Anand A. et Col., “Ketamine versus ECT for Nonpsychotic Treatment-Resistant Major

Depression”, 2023 May 24, N Engl J Med, doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2302399.

Arabzadeh S., et Col., “ Does oral administration ok ketamine accelerate response to

treatment on major depressive disorder? Results of a double-blind controlled trial”, Journal of

Affective Disorders, 235, 236-241.

Archer S., et Col., “Maintenance Ketamine Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression”,

2018, Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 38, 4, 380-384.

Aust S., et Col., “Anxiety during ketamine infusions is associated with negative treatment

responses in major depressive disorder”, 2019, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol., 29, 529-538.

Azhari N, Hu H, O’Malley KY, Blocker ME, Levin FR, Dakwar E. Ketamine-facilitated behavioral

treatment for cannabis use disorder: a proof of concept study. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse.

2021;47(1):92–97. doi:10.1080/00952990.2020.1808982

Aziz W, Babb C, Brown D, Exeer AM, Manalai P., “Ketamine Role in Schizoaffective Disorder

Depressive Type”, 2017, J Addict Res Ther, 8, 5, 346. DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000346

‍

Bahji A, Vazquez GH, Zarate CA Jr. , “Comparative efficacy of racemic ketamine and

esketamine for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis “, J Affect Disord. 2021

Feb 15;281:1001. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.103. Epub 2020 Nov 20. PMID: 33229028

Ballard ED, Wills K, Lally N, et al. “Anhedonia as a clinical correlate of suicidal thoughts in

clinical ketamine trials”, J Affect Disord, 2017;218: 195–200

Ballard ED, Zarate CA Jr. The role of dissociation in ketamine’s antidepressant effects. Nat Commun.

(2020) 11:6431. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20190-4

Bartoli F et al., « Ketamine as a rapid-acting agent for suicidal ideation: A meta-analysis”

2017, Neurosci Biobehav Rev., 77, 232-236.

Bartoli F, Clerici M, Carrà G., “Antidepressant response and dissociative effects after ketamine

treatment: two sides of the same coin?”, 2017, J Clin Psychiatry, 78, 9, e1318

Bauereiss N, Obermaier S, Ozunal SE et al (2018) Effects of existential interventions on spiritual,

psychological, and physical well-being in adult patients with cancer: systematic review and meta-

analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychooncology 27(11):2531–2545.

Becker J., “Regarding the transpersonal nature of ketamine therapy: an approach to the work”, Int J

Transpers Stud., 2014;33(2):151–159. doi:10.24972/ijts.2014.33.2.151

Berman RM, Cappiello A, Anand A, Oren DA, Heninger GR, Charney DS, Krystal JH.,

“Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients”, 2000, Biological Psychiatry, 47, 4,

351-354.

Bloch M., et Col., “Effects of Ketamine in Treatment-Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive

Disorder”, 2012, Biol Psychiatry, 72, 11, 964–970.

Blonk MI, Koder BG, van den Bemt PMLA et al (2010) Use of oral ketamine in chronic pain

management: a review. Eur J Pain 14(5):466–472

Bonhomme V., et Col., “Resting-state network-specific breakdown of functional connectivity

during ketamine alteration of consciousness in volunteers”, 2016, Anesthesiology; 125, 5,

873-888.

Bottemanne H, Claret A, Fossati P. Kétamine et autres psychotropes. In Millet B, Vanelle JM, Prescrire

les psychotropes, 2nd édition. Paris: Elsevier Masson. 2020a.

Bottemanne H, Claret A, Fossati P. [Ketamine, psilocybin, and rapid acting antidepressant: new

promise for psychiatry?]. Encephale. 2020b Nov 12, DOI:10.1016/j.encep.2020.08.006

Bottemanne H, Bonnard E, Claret A, Petit A-C, Gaillard R, Fossati P. Ketamine and Monoamine

Oxidase Inhibitor Combination: Utility, Safety, Efficacy? J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2020c

Dec;40(6):636–8.

Bottemanne H, Morlaàs O, Claret A, Fossati P, Schmidt L. Can we change depressive beliefs?

Modulation of belief updating by ketamine in treatment resistant depression. PsyArXiv; 2021.

Bottemanne H., et Col., “Psychothérapie augmentée par la kétamine (KAP) dans les troubles

de l’humeur : mode d’emploi », 2022, L’encéphale, 48, 3, 304-312.

‍

Braithwaite JJ, James K, Dewe H, Medford N, Takahashi C, Kessler K. Fractionating the unitary notion

of dissociation: disembodied but not embodied dissociative experiences are associated with

exocentric perspective-taking. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7:719.

Bravo G., Grant R., Bennett R., “Ketamine”, In Grob C., Grigsby J. (Eds.), “Handbook of

Medical Hallucinogens”, 2021, Guilford Press.

Bremner JD, Krystal JH, Putnam FW, Southwick SM, Marmar C, Charney DS, et al.,

« Measurement of dissociative states with the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States

Scale (CADSS) », 1998, J Trauma Stress, 11, 1, 125–136.

Browne C.A., Lucki I., “Antidepressant effects of ketamine: mechanisms underlying fast-

acting novel antidepressants”, Front. Pharmacol. 2013; 4: 161.

Canuso C., et Col., “Efficacy and safety of intranasal esketamine for the rapid reduction of

symptoms of depression and suicidality in patients at imminent risk for suicide: Results of a

double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study”, 2018, Am J Psychiatry, 175, 7, 620-630.

Carhart-Harris RL, Goodwin GM. The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Drugs: Past, Present, and

Future. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017 Oct;42(11):2105–13.

Castillo A., et Col., “Measuring acute effects of subanesthetic ketamine on cerebrovascular

hemodynamics using TD-fNIRS”, 2023, Scientific Reports, 13, Article Number 11665.

Chen IC, Lee MH, Chen WC et al (2018) Risk factors of lower urinary tract syndrome among ketamine

users. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 10(3):281–286

Chilukuri, H., R. Pothula, R. Pathapati, A. Manu, S. Jollu, and A. Shaik, “Acute antidepressant

effects of intramuscular versus intravenous ketamine”, 2014, Indian Journal of Psychological

Medicine, 36, 1, 71–76.

Collins, K., J. Murrough, A. Perez, D. Reich, D. Charney, and S. Mathew, “ Safety and efficacy

of repeated-dose intravenous ketamine for treatment-resistant depression”, 2010, Biological

Psychiatry, 67, 2, 139–45.

Conley AA, Norwood AEQ, Hatvany TC, Griffith JD, Barber KE. Efficacy of ketamine for major

depressive episodes at 2, 4, and 6-weeks post-treatment: A meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology

(Berl). 2021 Mar 31;

Corlett PR, Honey GD, Fletcher PC. Prediction error, ketamine and psychosis: An updated model. J

Psychopharmacol. 2016 Nov;30(11):1145–55.

Corssen G., Domino E., “Dissociative anesthesia : further pharmacologic studies and first

clinical experience with the phencyclidine derivative CI-581”, Anesthesia & Analgesia, 1966,

45, 29-40.

Cui Y., et Col., “Lateral habenular burst firing as a target of the rapid antidepressant effects

of ketamine”, Trends in Neurosciences, 2019, 42, 3, 179-191.

‍

Cusin, C., G. Hilton, A. Nierenberg, and M. Fava. 2012. Long-term maintenance with

intramuscular ketamine for treatment-resistant bipolar II depression. American Journal of

Psychiatry 169:868–69. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12020219

Cusin G., et Col., “Ketamine augmentation for outpatients with treatment-resistant

depression: Preliminary evidence for two-step intravenous dose escalation”, 2017, Australian

and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 55-64.

Dadiomov D, Lee K., “The effects of ketamine on suicidality across various formulations and study

settings”, Ment Health Clin 2019; 9, 1: 48–60

Dakwar E., et Col., “The effects of sub-anesthesic ketamine infusions on motivation to quit

and cue-induced craving in cocaine-dependent research volunteers”, 2014a, Biol. Psychiatry,

76, 40-46.

Dakwar E., et Col., “Therapeutic infusions of ketamine: Do the psychoactive effects matter?”,

2014b, Drug Alcohol Depend”, 136, 153-157.

Dakwar E., et Col., “Cocaine self-administration disrupted by the N-methyl-D-aspartate

receptor antagonist ketamine: a randomized, crossover trial”, 2017, Mol. Psychiatry, 22, 76-

81. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.39

Dakwar E., et Col., “A sub-set of psychoactive effects may be critical to the behavioral impact

of ketamine on cocaine use disorder: results from a randomized, controlled laboratory

study”, 2018 Nov, Neuropharmacology, 142, 270-276.

Dakwar E. et Col., « A Single Ketamine Infusion Combined With Mindfulness-Based

Behavioral Modification to Treat Cocaine Dependence: A Randomized Clinical Trial”, 2019,

American Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 11; doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18101123.

Dakwar E. et Col., « A Single Ketamine Infusion Combined With motivational enhancement

therapy for alcohol use disorder: a randomized midazolam-controlled pilot trial”, 2020, Am. J.

Psychiatry, 177, 125-133.

Daly E. et Col., “Efficacy and safety of intranasal esketamine adjunctive to oral

antidepressant therapy in treatment resistant depression”: A randomized clinical trial”, 2018,

Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 75, 2, 139-148.

Daly E., et Col., “ Efficacy of Esketamine Nasal Spray Plus Oral Antidepressant Treatment for

Relapse Prevention in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Clinical

Trial”, 2019, JAMA Psychiatry, 76, 9, 893-903.

Davis, A.K.; Mangini, P.; Xin, Y. Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy for Trauma-Exposed Patients in an

Outpatient Setting: A Clinical Chart Review Study. J. Psychedelic Stud. 2021, 5, 94–102. [CrossRef

Dechant, E.; Boyle, B.; Ross, R.A. Ketamine in a Patient with Comorbid Anorexia and MDD. J.

Women’s Health Dev. 2020, 3, 373–375. [CrossRef]

Deyama S et al. , “Role of neuronal VEGF signaling in the prefrontal cortex in the rapid

antidepressant effects of ketamine”, 2019, Am J Psychiatry, 176, 5, 388-400.

‍

Deyama S., Duman RS., “Neurotrophic mechanism underlying the rapid and sustained

antidepressant actions of ketamine”, 2020, Pharmacol Biochem Behav., 188: 172837.

Diamond P., et Col., “ketamine infusions for treatment resistant depression: A series of 28

patients treated weekly or twice weekly in an ECT clinic”, 2014, Journal of

Psychopharmacology, 28, 6, 536-544.

Diazgranados N, Ibrahim L, Brutsche NE, Newberg A, Kronstein P, Khalife S, Kammerer WA,

Quezado Z, Luckenbaugh DA, Salvadore G, Machado-Vieira R, Manji HK, Zarate CA Jr., “A

randomized add-on trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant

bipolar depression”, 2010, Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 8, 793-802.

Domino E., et Col., “Pharmacologic effects of ci-581, new dissociative anesthesic in man”,

1965, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 6, 279-291.

Domino E., « Taming the ketamine Tiger”; 2010, Anesthesiology, 113, 678-686.

Dore J., et Col., “Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP): Patient Demographics, Clinical Data

and Outcomes in Three Large Practices Administering Ketamine with Psychotherapy”, 2019,

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 51, 2, 189-198.

Du J, Machado-Vieira R, Maeng S, et al., “Enhancing AMPA to NMDA throughput as a

convergent mechanism for antidepressant action”, Drug Discov Today Ther Strateg, 2006, 3,

519–526.

Duek O., et Col., « Augmenting the treatment of PTSD with Ketamine-a Review”, 2019, Curr

Treat Options Psychiatr., 6, 2, 143-153.

Duman RS, et Col., “Signaling pathways underlying the rapid antidepressant actions of

ketamine”, 2012, Neuropharmacology, 62, 35-41

Duman, R. S., Aghajanian, G. K., Sanacora, G. & Krystal, J. H. “Synaptic plasticity and

depression: new insights from stress and rapid-acting antidepressants” 2016, Nat. Med. 22,3,

238–249.

Duncan G. et Col., “ Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Titrated Subcutaneous Ketamine in

Older Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression”, 2017, The American Journal of

Geriatric Psychiatry, 25, 11, 1199-1209DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2017.06.007

Early T., “ Making ketamine work in the long run”, 2014, International Journal of

Transpersonal Studies, 33, 2, 141-150.

Early, T., “Making ketamine work in the long run”. In: The ketamine papers: Science,therapy

and transformation, ed. P. Wolfson and G. Hartellius, 2016, 305–22. Santa Cruz, CA: MAPS

Press

Ebert, B.; Mikkelsen, S.; Thorkildsen, C.; Borgbjerg, F.M. Norketamine, the Main Metabolite of

Ketamine, Is a Non-Competitive NMDA Receptor Antagonist in the Rat Cortex and Spinal Cord. Eur. J.

Pharmacol. 1997, 333, 99–104. [CrossRef]

‍

Evans JW et al., “Default Mode Connectivity in Major Depressive Disorder Measured Up to 10

Days After Ketamine Administration”, 2018, Biological Psychiatry, 84, 8, 582-590.

Ezquerra-Romano I., Lawn W., Krupitsky E., Morgan C., «Ketamine for the treatment of

addiction: Evidence and potential mechanisms”, 2018, Neuropharmacology, 142:72-82.

Falk E, Schlieper D, Van Caster P, et al. (2020) A rapid positive infuence of S-ketamine on the anxiety

of patients in palliative care: a retrospective pilot study. BMC Palliative Care 19(1)

Fan W, Yang H, Sun Y et al (2017) Ketamine rapidly relieves acute suicidal ideation in cancer patients:

a randomized controlled clinical trial. Oncotarget 8(2):2356–2360

Fattore L., et Col., “Psychedelics and reconsolidation of traumatic and appetitive maladaptive

memories: focus on cannabinoids and ketamine”, 2018, Psychopharmacology, 235, 2, 433-

445.

Fava M., et Col., “Double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of intravenous

ketamine as adjunctive therapy in treatment-resistant depression (TRD)”, 2020, Molecular

Psychiatry, 25, 7, 1592-1603.

FDA Briefing Document (2019). Psychopharmacologic Drugs Advisory Committee (PDAC) and

Drug Safety and Risk Management (DSaRM) Advisory Committee Meeting. Retrieved March

13, 2019, from www.fda.gov/committees-

meetingmaterials/drugs/psychopharmacologicdrugsadvisorycommittee/ucm630970.pdf.

Fedgchin M. et al., « Etude randomisée, contrôlée en double aveugle, comparant des doses

fixes d’eskétamine intranasale avec association d’un antidépresseur oral à un comparateur

actif dans la dépression résistante au traitement », International Journal of

Neuropsychopharmacology (étude TRANSFORM 1), 2019, Published by Oxford University

Press on behalf of CINP. Document transmis sur demande par les laboratoires Janssen.

Feder A et al., “Efficacy of intravenous ketamine for treatment of chronic posttraumatic

stress disorder: A randomised clinical trial”, 2014, JAMA Psychiatry, 71, 6, 681-688.

Ferreira, S.R., Machado, A.R.T., Furtado, L.F. et al. Ketamine can be produced by Pochonia

chlamydosporia: an old molecule and a new anthelmintic?. Parasites Vectors 13, 527 (2020).

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04402-w

Fond G, Loundou A, Rabu C, Macgregor A, Lançon C, Brittner M, et al. “Ketamine

administration in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis”.

Psychopharmacol Bull 2014; 231(18): 3663–76.

Fontana A.E., « Clinical use of hallucinogenic drugs », In: Proceedings of the Third World

Congress of Psychiatry, 1963, Vol.2: 942-944, Toronto, University of Toronto Press.

Fontana A. E., Loschi J. A., « Antidepressive therapy with CI 581”, 1974, Acta Psychiatr. Psicol.

Am. Lat., 20, 32-39.

Gálvez V., et Col., “Repeated intranasal ketamine for treatment-resistant depression – the

way to go? Results from a pilot randomised controlled trial”. 2018, Journal of

Psychopharmacology, 32, 4, 397-407.

‍

Ghasemi M., et Col., “Rapid antidepressant effects of repeated doses of ketamine compared

with electroconvulsive therapy in hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder”, 2014,

Psychiatry Research, 215, 355-361.

Glue P., et Col., “Dose- and exposure-response to ketamine in depression”, 2011, Biological

Psychiatry, 70, 4, e9-e10.

Glue P, Medlicott NJ, Harland S, Neehoff S, Anderson-Fahey B, Le Nedelec M, et al.,” Ketamine’s

dose-related effects on anxiety symptoms in patients with treatment refractory anxiety disorders”, J

Psychopharmacol 2017; 31(10): 1302–5.

Glue P. et Col., « Safety and efficacy of maintenance ketamine treatment in patients with

treatment-refractory generalised anxiety and social anxiety disorders”, 2018, J

Psychopharmacol., 32, 6, 663-667. doi: 10.1177/0269881118762073.

Glue P, Neehoff S, Sabadel A, Broughton L, Le Nedelec M, Shadli S, et al. Effects of ketamine

in patients with treatment-refractory generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorders:

exploratory double-blind psychoactive-controlled replication study. J Psychopharmacol

2019; 34(3): 267–72.

Goldman N, Frankenthaler M and Klepacz L (2019), “The efficacy of ketamine in the palliative

care setting: a comprehensive review of the literature”, J Palliat Med, 1154–1161.

Grabski M, Borissova A, Marsh B, Morgan CJ, Curran HV. Ketamine as a mental health

treatment: are acute psychoactive effects associated with outcomes? A systematic review.

Behav Brain Res 2020; 392: 112629

Grabski M., et Col., “Adjunctive ketamine with relapse prevention-based psychological

therapy in the treatment of alcohol use disorder”, 2022, Am. J. Psychiatry, 179, 152-162.

Green S., Johnson N., “Ketamine sedation for pediatric procedures: Part 2, review and

implications”, Annals of Emergency Medicine, 1990, 19, 1033-1046.

Grof L., “Quand l’impossible arrive », Guy Trédaniel Editeur, 2007, p. 286-293,

chapitre « Matière et conscience-La kétamine et le réenchantement du monde ».

Grunebaum MF, et al, “Ketamine versus midazolam in bipolar depression with suicidal

thoughts: A pilot midazolam-controlled randomized clinical trial”, Bipolar Disord,, 2017,

19:176-83. doi:10.1111/bdi.12487 pmid:28452409

Grunebaum MF, Galfalvy HC, Choo TH, et al., “Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal

thoughts in major depression: a midazolam-controlled randomized clinical trial”, 2018, Am J

Psychiatry, 175, 4, 327-335.

Halstead, M.; Reed, S.; Krause, R.; Williams, M.T. Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD Related

to Racial Discrimination. Clin. Case Stud. 2021, 20, 310–330. [CrossRef]

Hamilton JP et al., “Depressive Rumination, the Default-Mode Network, and the Dark Matter

of Clinical Neuroscience”, 2015, Biological Psychiatry, 78, 4, 224–230.

‍

Harmer C, Duman RS, Cowen PJ. “How do antidepressants work? New perspectives for

refining future treatment approaches”. Lancet Psychiatry 2017; 4(5): 409–18

Hartberg J. et Col., “Impact of oral ketamine augmentation on hospital admissions in

treatment-resistant depression and PTSD: A retrospective study”, 2018,

Psychopharmacology, 253, 2, 393-398.

Hashimoto K., “Emerging role of glutamate in the pathophysiology of major depressive

disorder”, 2009, Brain Research Review, 61, 2, 105-123.

Hasler G., “Toward specific ways to combine ketamine and psychotherapy in treating

depression”, CNS Spectrums, 2020, 445–447.

Hasler G, Suker S, Schoretsanitis G, Mihov Y. Sustained Improvement of Negative Self-Schema After a

Single Ketamine Infusion: An Open-Label Study. Front Neurosci. 2020b;14:687.

Heifets B., et Col., Disruptive Psychopharmacology », JAMA Psychiatry, Published online June

26, 2019. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1145.

Holbrook TL., et Col., « Morphine use after combat injury in Iraq and post-traumatic stress

disorder”, 2010, N Engl J Med., 362, 2, 110-117.

Hu Y. et Col., « Single i.v. ketamine augmentation of newly initiated escitalopram for major

depression: Results from a randomized, placebo-controlled 4-week study”, 2016,

Psychological Medicine, 46, 3, 623-635.

Huge V. et Col., « Effects of low-dose intranasal (S)-ketamine in patients with neuropathic

pain”, Eur J Pain, 2010 Apr;14(4):387-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.08.002. Epub 2009

Sep 3.

Hull T.D., et Col., “At-Home, sublingual ketamine telehealth is a safe and effective treatment

for moderate to severe anxiety and depression: findings from a large, prospective, open-label

effectiveness trial”, Journal of Affective Disorders, 2022, 314, 59-67.

Hyde S. J. 2015. Ketamine and depression. Tasmania: Xlibris

Hyde S., “Sustainable Ketamine Therapy”, In Wolfson, P., and G. Hartelius, editors, “The

ketamine papers”, 2016, Santa Cruz, CA: MAPS. 

Iglewicz A., et Col., “Ketamine for the treatment of depression in patients receiving hospice

care: A retrospective medical record review of thirty one cases”, 2015, Psychosomatics, 56, 4,

329-337.

Ionescu D., et Col., “Repeated-dose ketamine augmentation for treatment-resistant

depression with chronic suicidal ideation: A randomized, double-blind placebo controlled

trial”, 2019, Journal of Affective Disorders, 243, 516-524.

Irwin S.A., & Iglewicz A., “Oral ketamine for the rapid treatment of depression and anxiety in

patients receiving hospice care”, 2010, Journal of Palliative Medicine, 13, 7, 903-908.

‍

Irwin S.A., et Col., « Daily oral ketamine for the treatment of depression and anxiety in

patients receiving hospice care: a 28-day open-label proof of concept trial”, Journal of

palliative Medicine, 2013, 16, 8, 958-965.

Ivan-Ezquerra-Romano I., et Col., «  Ketamine for the treatment of addiction: Evidence and

potential mechanisms”, 2018, Neuropharmacology, 142, 72-82.

Jafarinia M., et Col., “Efficacy and safety of oral ketamine versus diclofenac to alleviate mild

to moderate depression in chronic pain patients: A double-blind, randomized, controlled

trial”, 2016, Journal of Affective Disorders, 204, 1-8.

Jaitly V., “Sublingual ketamine in chronic pain: Service evaluation by examining more than

200 patient years of data”, 2013, Journal of Observational Pain Medicine, 1/2.

Jansen K., “Using ketamine to induce the near-death experience: Mechanism of action and

therapeutic potential”, 1995, Yearbook for Ethnomedicine and the Study of Consciousness, 4, 55-79.

Jansen K., "Ketamine: Dreams and Reality", 2004, MAPS, Second Edition.

Jantzen J.P., et Col., “Comparative study of analgesia and plasma level following rectal,

intramuscular and intravenous administration of ketamine”, Anaesthesist, 1985 Jul;34(7):346-51.

Jones J. et Col., “Efficacy of Ketamine in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders: A

Systematic Review”, 2018, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 277.

Jovaisa T. et Col., « Effects of ketamine on precipitated opiate withdrawal-Effets de la

kétamine sur le retrait précipité d'opiacé »2006, Medicina (Kaunas), 42, 8, 625-634.

Keizer BM, Roache JD, Jones JR, Kalpinski RJ, Porcerelli JH, Krystal JH. Continuous ketamine infusion

for pain as an opportunity for psychotherapy for PTSD: a case series of ketamine-enhanced

psychotherapy for PTSD and pain (KEP-P2). Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(5):326–329.

doi:10.1159/000507095

Kishimoto, T.; Chawla, J.M.; Hagi, K.; Zarate, C.A.; Kane, J.M.; Bauer, M.; Correll, C.U. Single-Dose

Infusion Ketamine and Non-Ketamine N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonists for Unipolar and

Bipolar Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Efficacy, Safety and Time Trajectories. Psychol. Med. 2016,

46, 1459–1472. [CrossRef]

Koffler et Col., «The neurocognitive effects of 5 day anesthesic ketamine for the treatment of

refractory complex regional pain syndrome”, 2007, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22,

719-729. 

Kolp E., et Col., « Ketamine enhanced psychotherapy : Preliminary clinical observations on its

effectiveness in treating alcoholism” , 2006, The Humanistic Psychologist, 34, 399-422.

Kolp E, Krupitsky E, Young MS, Jansen K, Friedman H, O’Connor LA., “Ketamine-enhanced

psychotherapy: preliminary clinical observations on its effects in treating death anxiety”,

2007, Int J Transpersonal Stud., 26,1–17.

‍

Kolp E., Krupitsky E., et Col., « Entheogen-enhanced transpersonal psychotherapy of

addictions: Focus on clinical applications of ketamine for treating alcoholism”, 2009, In

A.Browne-Miller (Ed.), The Praeger International Collection on Addictions, 3, 403-417.

Kolp E., et Col., “Ketamine Psychedelic Psychotherapy : Focus on its Pharmacology,

Phenomenology, and Clinical Applications”, 2014, Int J Transpers Stud., 33, 2, 84-140.

Kolp E., et Col., “Ketamine Psychedelic Psychotherapy : Focus on its Pharmacology,

Phenomenology, and Clinical Applications”, 2016, In Wolfson, P., and G. Hartelius, editors,

“The ketamine papers”, 2016, Santa Cruz, CA: MAPS. 

Khorramzadeh E., Lofty A.O., « The use of Ketamine In Psychiatry », 1973, Psychosomatic

Journal, November-December, 14:344-346.

Krupitsky E., et Col., “The combination of psychedelic and aversive approaches in alcoholism

treatment”, 1992, Alcohol. Treat. Q., 9, 99-105.

Krupitsky E., “Ketamine psychedelic Therapy (KPT) of alcoholism and neurosis”, 2012, MAPS

Newsl., 3, 24-28.

Krupitsky, E., Grinenko, A., “Ketamine psychedelic therapy (KPT): A Review of the Results of

Ten Years of Research », 1997, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 29, 2, 165-183.

Krupitsky, E.M.; Burakov, A.M.; Romanova, T.N.; Dunaevsky, I.V.; Grinenko, A.Y. Ketamine Assisted

Psychotherapy (KPT) of Heroin Addiction: Immediate Effects and Six Months Followup. MAPS Bull.

2001, 9, 21–26

Krupitsky E, Burakov, A, Romanova, T, Dunaevsky, I, Strassman, R, Grinenko A (2002).

“Ketamine psychotherapy for heroin addiction: immediate effects and two-year follow-up »,

2002, Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 23, 273-283.

Krupitsky, EM, Burakof AM, Dunaevsky IV, Romanova TN, Slavina TY, Grinenko AY, “Single

Versus Repeated Sessions of Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy for People with Heroin

Dependence”, 2007, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 39, 1: 13-19.

Krupitsky E., Kolp E., “Ketamine psychedelic psychotherapy”, In M.J. Winkelman & T.Roberts

(Eds.) , Psychedelic medicine: New evidence for hallucinogenic substances as treatments (Vol.

2, pp. 67-85), Wesport, CT: Praeger/Greenwood.

Krystal, J. H., L. P. Karper, J. P. Seibyl, G. K. Freeman, R. Delaney, J. D. Bremner, and D. S.

Charney, “ Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in

humans: Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses”, 1994,

Archives of General Psychiatry 51, 3, 199–214.

Krystal, J. H., “Ketamine and the potential role for rapid-acting antidepressant medications”,

2007, Swiss Medical Weekly 137, 15–16, 215–216. 

Krystal JH, Abdallah CG, Sanacora G, et al. “Ketamine: a paradigm shift for depression

research and treatment”, Neuron. 2019;101, 5, 774–778

‍

Kryst J, Kawalec P, Mitoraj AM, Pilc A, Lasoń W, Brzostek T. Efficacy of single and repeated

administration of ketamine in unipolar and bipolar depression: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical

trials. Pharmacol Rep. 2020;72(3):543–62.

Kungurtsev, I. , “Death-Rebirth psychotherapy with ketamine”. The Albert Hofmann

Foundation, 1991, 2, 1-6 (California).

Lapidus K., et Col., “A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intranasal Ketamine in Major

Depressive Disorder”, 2014, Biological Psychiatry, 76, 12, 970-976.

Lara, D., L. Bisol, and L. Munari, “ Antidepressant, mood stabilizing and procognitive effects

of very low dose sublingual ketamine in refractory unipolar and bipolar depression”, 2013,

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 16 , 9, 2111–2117.

Lassale J., “The ketamine handbook-A beginner’s guide to ketamine assisted therapy for

depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD, and more”, Ulysses Press, 2023.,

Lee Y et al., “A New Perspective on the Anti-Suicide Effects With Ketamine Treatment: A

Procognitive Effect”, 2016, J Clin Psychopharmacol., 36, 1, 50-56.

LeMay K, Wilson KG (2008) Treatment of existential distress in life threatening illness: a review of

manualized interventions. Clin Psychol Rev 28(3):472–493

Li N. et Col.., “mTOR-Dependent Synapse Formation Underlies the Rapid Antidepressant

Effects of NMDA Antagonists”, 2010, Science, 329, 5994, 959-964.

Lilly J., “The Scientist: A Metaphysical Autobiography”, 1988, Ronin Publishing.

Liu P, Li P, Li Q et al (2020) Effect of pretreatment of S-ketamine on postoperative depression for

breast cancer patients. J Invest Surg. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941939.2019.1710626

Loo C., et Col., “Placebo-controlled pilot trial testing dose titration and intravenous,

intramuscular and subcutaneous routes for ketamine in depression”, 2016, Acta Psychiatrica

Scandinavica, 134, 1, 48-56.

‍

Luckenbaugh, D. A., M. J. Niciu, D. F. Ionescu, N. M. Nolan, E. M. Richards, N. E. Brutsche, and

C. Zarate, “Do the dissociative side effects of ketamine mediate antidepressant effects”,

2014, Journal of Affective Disorders, 159, 56–61.

Lv Q et al., « Large-scale persistent network reconfiguration induced by ketamine in

anesthetized monkeys: relevance to mood disorders”, 2016, Biol Psychiatry, 79, 9, 765-775.

Ly C., et Col. , “Psychedelics Promote Structural and Functional Neural Plasticity”, 2018, Cell

Reports, 23, 11, 3170-3182.

Mak SK, Chan MT, Bower WF et al (2011) Lower urinary tract changes in young adults using

ketamine. J Urol 186(2):610–614

‍

Martial C., et Col., « Neurochemical models of near-death experiences: A large-scale study

based on the semantic similarity of written reports”, Consciousness and Cognition, 2019, 69,

52-69.

Mathai D., et Col., « Revisiting the hallucinogenic potential of ketamine: A case built on

current research findings”, 2018, Psychiatric Times, 35. Retrieved from

www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/revisiting-hallucinogenic-potential-ketamine.

Mathai DS, Meyer MJ, Storch EA et al (2020) The relationship between subjective effects induced by

a single dose of ketamine and treatment response in patients with major depressive disorder: a

systematic review. J Affect Disord 264:123–129

Mathai D., et Col., « Toward Synergies of Ketamine and Psychotherapy”, Front. Psychol.,

2022, Volume 13, Article 868103.

McAndrew A. et Col., “A proof-of-concept investigation into ketamine as a pharmacological

treatment for alcohol dependence: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial”, 2017,

Trials,18,159. DOI 10.1186/s13063-017-1895-6.

McGhee L, Maani CV, Garza TH, Gaylord KM, Black IH. The correlation between ketamine

and posttraumatic stress disorder in burned service members. J Trauma Acute Care Surg

2008; 64(2): 195–199.

McGirr A et al., « A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind,

placebo-controlled trials of ketamine in the rapid treatment of major depressive episodes”,

2015, Psychol Med. 2015, 45, 4, 693-704.

McInnes LA, Qian JJ, Gargeya RS, DeBattista C, Heifets BD. A retrospective analysis of ketamine

intravenous therapy for depression in real-world care settings. J Affect Disord. (2022) 301:486–95.

doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.097

McIntyre R, Carvalho IP, Lui L, Majeed A, Masand PS, Gill H, et al. The effect of intravenous,

intranasal, and oral ketamine in mood disorders: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:

576–584

McMullen, E.P.; Lee, Y.; Lipsitz, O.; Lui, L.M.W.; Vinberg, M.; Ho, R.; Rodrigues, N.B.; Rosenblat, J.D.;

Cao, B.; Gill, H.; et al. Strategies to Prolong Ketamine’s Efficacy in Adults with Treatment-Resistant

Depression. Adv. Ther. 2021, 38, 2795–2820. [CrossRef]

McNaughton N, Glue P., “Ketamine and neuroticism: a double-hit hypothesis of internalizing

disorders”, Personal Neurosci, 2020; 3: e2

Messer M. et Col., “The use of a series of ketamine infusions in two patients with treatment-

resistant depression”, 2010, J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci., 22 ,4, 442-444.

Messer M. & Haller I., “Maintenance ketamine treatment produces long-term recovery from

depression”, 2013, Primary Psychiatry, 17, 4, 48-50.

‍

Millière, R., R. Carhart-Harris, L. Roseman, F. Trautwein, and A. Berkovich-Ohana,

“Psychedelics, meditation, and self-consciousness”, 2018, Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1475.

doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01475. 

Mills I, Park GR, Manara AR, Merriman RJ., “Treatment of compulsive behaviour in eating disorders

with intermittent ketamine infusions”, QJM, 1998; 91, 7, 493–503

Mion, G.; Villevieille, T. Ketamine Pharmacology: An Update (Pharmacodynamics and Molecular

Aspects, Recent Findings). CNS Neurosci. Ther. 2013, 19, 370–380. [CrossRef]

Monteggia L., “The role of eEF2 kinase in rapid antidepressant action of ketamine”, Biol Psychiatry.

2013 Jun 15; 73(12): 1199–1203.

Moore M., Alltounian H., “Journeys into the Bright World”, 1978, Massachusetts: Para

Research, Inc.

Murrough JW, Iosifescu DV, Chang LC, et al.: “Antidepressant efficacy of ketamine in

treatment-resistant major depression: a two-site randomized controlled trial”, 2013, Am J

Psychiatry, 170, 10, 1134–1142

Murrough J., et Col., “Rapid and longer-term antidepressant effects of repeated ketamine

infusions in treatment-resistant major depression”, 2013b, Biological Psychiatry, 74, 4, 250-

256.

Murrough J., et Col., “Neurocognitive effects of ketamine in treatment-resistant major

depression: Association with antidepressant response”, 2014, Psychopharmacology, 231,

481-488.

Murrough J. et Col., “Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal ideation: a randomized

controlled trial”, 2015, Psychological Medicine, 45, 16, 3571-3580.

Murrough J. et Col., “Neurocognitive effects of ketamine and association with antidepressant

response in individuals with treatment-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial”,

2015b, Neuropsychopharmacology, 40, 5, 1084-1090.

Murrough J. et Col., “ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal ideation: A randomized

controlled trial”, 2015c, Psychological Medicine, 45, 3571-3580.

Newport, D.J.; Carpenter, L.L.; McDonald, W.M.; Potash, J.B.; Tohen, M.; Nemeroff, C.B.; APA Council

of Research Task Force on Novel Biomarkers and Treatments. Ketamine and Other NMDA

Antagonists: Early Clinical Trials and Possible Mechanisms in Depression. Am. J. Psychiatry 2015, 172,

950–966. [CrossRef]

Nguyen L., et Col., “Off-label use of transmucosal ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant:

A retrospective chart review”, 2015, Neuropsychiatric Disease & Treatment, 14, 11, 2667-

2673.

‍

Niciu M., et Col., “Features of dissociation differentially predict antidepressant response to

ketamine in treatment-resistant depression”, 2018, Journal of affective Disorders, 232, 310-

315.

Noppers I, Niesters M, Aarts L, Smith T, Sarton E, Dahan A. Ketamine for the treatment of chronic

non-cancer pain. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010;11(14):2417–2429.

doi:10.1517/14656566.2010.515978

Nour MM, Evans L, Nutt D, Carhart-Harris RL. Ego-dissolution and psychedelics: validation of the Ego-

dissolution inventory (EDI). Front Hum Neurosci. (2016) 10:269. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00269

Nutt D., King L., Philips L., “Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis”, 2010, The

Lancet, 376, 9752, 1558-1565

‍

Ochs Ross R. et Col., “Efficacy and Safety of Esketamine Nasal Spray Plus an Oral

Antidepressant in Elderly Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression—TRANSFORM-3”,

2019, Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, A Paraitre.

Ocker AC, Shah NB, Schwenk ES, Witkowski TA, Cohen MJ, Viscusi ER. Ketamine and cognitive

behavioral therapy for rapid opioid tapering with sustained opioid abstinence: a case report and

1‐year follow‐up. Pain Pract. 2020;20(1):95–100. doi:10.1111/papr.12829

Okamoto N, Nakai T, Sakamoto K, Nagafusa Y, Higuchi T, Nishikawa T. Rapid antidepressant

effect of ketamine anesthesia during electroconvulsive therapy of treatment-resistant

depression: comparing ketamine and propofol anesthesia. The journal of ECT. 2010

Sep;26(3):223-7.

Olofsen E, Kamp J, Henthorn TK, van Velzen M, Niesters M, Sarton E, et al. Ketamine psychedelic and

Antinociceptive effects are connected. Anesthesiology. (2022) 136:792–801. doi:

10.1097/ALN.0000000000004176

‍

Olson D., “Psychoplastogens: A Promising Class of Plasticity-Promoting Neurotherapeutics”,

September 19, 2018, Neuroscience Insights, https://doi.org/10.1177/1179069518800508;

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1179069518800508

Papakostas G, Salloum NC, Hock RS, Jha MK, Murrough JW, Mathew SJ, et al. Efficacy of

esketamine augmentation in major depressive disorder: a metaanalysis. J Clin Psychiatry

2020; 81(4): 19r12889.

Paslakis G, Gilles M, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Deuschle M., “Oral administration of the NMDA

receptor antagonist S-ketamine as add-on therapy of depression: a case series”, 2010,

Pharmacopsychiatry, 43, 1, 33-35.

Payne JE, Chambers R, Liknaitzky P. Combining psychedelic and mindfulness interventions: synergies

to inform clinical practice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. (2021) 4:416–23. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00034

‍

Pennybaker S. et Col., “Symptomatology and predictors of antidepressant efficacy in

extended responders to a single ketamine infusion’, 2017, Journal of Affective Disorders, 208,

560-566.

Phillips J., “Single, Repeated, and Maintenance Ketamine Infusions for Treatment-Resistant

Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial”, 2019, Am J Psychiatry, 176, 5, 401-409.

Pizon A, Lynch MJ, Benedict NJ, Yanta JH, Frisch A, Menke NB, et al. Adjunct ketamine use in

the management of severe ethanol withdrawal. Crit Care Med 2018; 46(8): 768–71

Popova V., et Col., “Efficacy and Safety of Flexibly Dosed Esketamine Nasal Spray Combined

With a Newly Initiated Oral Antidepressant in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A

Randomized Double-Blind Active-Controlled Study”, 2019, Am J Psychiatry, 176, 6, 428-438.

Pradhan B., et Col., “d-Serine is a potential biomarker for clinical response in treatment of

post-traumatic stress disorder using (R,S)-ketamine infusion and TIMBER psychotherapy: a

pilot study”, 2018, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Proteins Proteomics, 1866, 831-839.

Price RB, Nock MK, Charney DS, Mathew SJ., “Effects of intravenous ketamine on explicit and

implicit measures of suicidality in treatment-resistant depression”, 2009, Biological

Psychiatry, 65, 5, 522-526.

Price R., et Col., “A novel, brief, fully automated intervention to extend the antidepressant

effect of a single ketamine infusion: a randomized clinical trial”; American Journal of

Psychiatry, 2022, 178, 5, 383-399.

Ragnhildstveit, A.; Jackson, L.K.; Cunningham, S.; Good, L.; Tanner, Q.; Roughan, M.; Henrie-Barrus, P.

Case Report: Unexpected Remission From Extreme and Enduring Bulimia Nervosa With Repeated

Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. Front. Psychiatry 2021, 12, 764112. [CrossRef]

Ragnhildstveit, A.; Slayton, M.; Jackson, L.K.; Brendle, M.; Ahuja, S.; Holle, W.; Moore, C.; Sollars, K.;

Seli, P.; Robison, R., “Ketamine as a Novel Psychopharmacotherapy for Eating Disorders: Evidence

and Future Directions”, 2022, Brain Sci., 12, 382. 10.3390/brainsci12030382

Rao TS, Andrade C. Innovative approaches to treatment - refractory depression: The

ketamine story. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2010 Apr;52(2):97-99.

Rasmussen K., et Col., “Serial infusions of low-dose ketamine for major depression”, 2013,

Journal of Psychopharmacology, 27, 444-450.

Rodrigues N.B., et Col., « A simplified 6-Item clinician administered dissociative symptom

scale (CADSS-6) for monitoring dissociative effects of sub-anesthetic ketamine infusions”, J

Affect Disord, 2021, 1, 282:160-164. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.119. Epub 2020 Dec 29

Rodriguez C., et Col., “Rapid resolution of obsessions after an infusion of intravenous

ketamine in a patient with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder”, 2011, J Clin

Psychiatry., 72, 4, 567–569.

‍

Rodriguez C. et Col., “Randomized controlled crossover trial of ketamine in obsessive-

compulsive disorder: proof-of-concept”, 2013, Neuropsychopharmacology,38,12, 2475-2483.

doi: 10.1038/npp.2013.150.

Rodriguez C., et Col., “Can exposure-based CBT extend the effects of intravenous ketamine in

obsessive-compulsive disorder?”, 2016, J. Clin. Psychiatry, 73, 3, 408-409.

Rolan P., et Col., « The absolute bioavailability of racemic ketamine from a novel sublingual

formulation”, Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014 Jun; 77(6): 1011–1016.

Romeo B, Choucha W, Fossati P et al (2015) Meta-analysis of short and mid-term efficacy of ketamine

in unipolar and bipolar depression. Psychiatry Res 230(2):682–688

Roquet S., et Col., “The existential through psychodysleptics-A new psychotherapy”, Mexico

City, Mexico, Asociacion Albert Schweitzer, 1971.

Rosa WE, Hope S, Matzo M (2019) Palliative nursing and sacred medicine: a holistic stance on

entheogens, healing, and spiritual care. J Holist Nurs 37(1):100–106

Ross C, Jain R, Bonnett CJ, Wolfson P. High-dose ketamine infusion for the treatment of

posttraumatic stress disorder in combat veterans. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2019;31(4):271–9.

Rot, M., K. Collins, J. Murrough, A. Perez, D. Reich, D. Charney, and S. Mathew,” Safety and

efficacy of repeated-dose intravenous ketamine for treatment-resistant depression”, 2015,

Biological Psychiatry 67, 2, 139–145. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.038. 

Rothberg R., et Col., “Mystical-type expériences occasioned by kétamine mediate its impact

on at-risk drinking: results from a randomized, controlled trial”, 2021, Journal of

Psychopharmacology, 35, 2, 150-158.

Rougemont-Bücking A., “Vampirocen-How structural traumatic dissociation in leading

society into a spiral of violence”, 2023, Pandaemonia Publishing.

Ryan, W., C. Marta, and R. Koek. 2016. Ketamine and depression: A review. In The ketamine

papers, ed. P. Wolfson and G. Hartellius, 199–273. Santa Cruz, CA: MAPS.

Sanacora G., et Col., “A consensus statement on the use of ketamine in the treatment of

mood disorders”, 2017, JAMA Psychiatry, 74, 4, 399-405.

Sanacora G., et Col. « Adjunctive Lanicemine (AZD6765) in Patients with Major Depressive

Disorder and History of Inadequate Response to Antidepressants: A Randomized, Placebo-

Controlled Study”, 2017b, Neuropsychopharmacology. 42, 4, 844-853. doi:

10.1038/npp.2016.224. Epub 2016 Sep 29.

Sappington A., et Col., “Ketamine-facilitated induced anxiety therapy and its effect upon

clients’ reactions to stressful situations”, 1979, J. Clin. Psychol., 35, 425-429.

Şar V. The many faces of dissociation: opportunities for innovative research in psychiatry. Clin

Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2014 Dec;12(3):171–9.

Sarasso, S. *, Boly, M. *, Napolitani, M., Gosseries, O., Charland-Verville, V., Casarotto, S., ... & Rex, S.

(2015). Consciousness and complexity during unresponsiveness induced by propofol, xenon, and

ketamine. Current Biology, 25(23), 3099-3105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.014

‍

Sartim A.G., et Col., « Co-administration of cannabidiol and ketamine induces antidepressant-like

effects devoid of hyperlocomotor side effects”, Neuropharmacology, 2021, 195, 108679.

Schak K. et Col., “Potential risks of poorly monitored ketamine use in depression treatment”, 2016,

American Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 215-218.

Schatzberg A., “A word to the wise about esketamine”, 2019, American Journal of Psychiatry, 176,

422-424.

Schartner, M. M., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Barrett, A. B., Seth, A. K., & Muthukumaraswamy, S. D. (2017).

Increased spontaneous MEG signal diversity for psychoactive doses of ketamine, LSD and psilocybin.

Scientific reports, 7, 46421. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46421

Schenberg E., “Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: A paradigm shift in psychiatric research and

development”, 2018, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 733.

Schoevers RA, Chaves TV, Balukova SM et al (2016) Oral ketamine for the treatment of pain and

treatment-resistant depression. Br J Psychiatry 208(2):108–113

Schwartz, T.; Trunko, M.E.; Feifel, D.; Lopez, E.; Peterson, D.; Frank, G.K.W.; Kaye, W. A Longitudinal

Case Series of IM Ketamine for Patients with Severe and Enduring Eating Disorders and Comorbid

Treatment-Resistant Depression. Clin. Case Rep. 2021, 9, e03869. [CrossRef]

Scolnick, B.; Zupec-Kania, B.; Calabrese, L.; Aoki, C.; Hildebrandt, T. Remission from Chronic Anorexia

Nervosa With Ketogenic Diet and Ketamine: Case Report. Front. Psychiatry 2020, 11, 763. [CrossRef]

[PubMed)

Shadli S, Kawe T, Martin D, McNaughton N, Neehoff S, Glue P. Ketamine effects on EEG

during therapy of treatment-resistant generalized anxiety and social anxiety. Int J

Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21(8): 717–24.

Shah P, McDowell M, Ebisu R, Hanif T, Toerne T. Adjunctive use of ketamine for

benzodiazepine-resistant severe alcohol withdrawal: a retrospective evaluation. J Med

Toxicol 2018; 14(3): 229–36

Sheidegger M., et Col., “Ketamine decreases resting state functional network connectivity in

healthy subjects: Implications for antidepressant drug action”, 2012, PLoS One 7: e44799.

Shiroma P., et Col., “Neurocognitive performance and serial intravenous subanesthesic

ketamine in treatment-resistant depression”, 2014, International Journal of

Neuropsychopharmacology, 17, 11, 1805-1813.

Short, B., Fong, J., Galvez, V., Shelker, W. & Loo, C. K., “Side-effects associated with ketamine

use in depression: a systematic review”, 2018, Lancet Psychiatry 5, 65–78.

Siegal R., “Phencyclidine and ketamine intoxication: A study of four populations of

recreational users.”, National Institute of Drug Abuse Research, 1978, Monograph N°21: 119-

147.

Siegel R., “Phencyclidine and ketamine intoxification: A study of four populations of

recreational users”, 1978, National Institute of Drug Abuse research Monograph #21, 119-

147.

‍

Siegel AN, et al., “Antisuicidal and antidepressant effects of ketamine and esketamine in

patients with baseline suicidality: A systematic review”, J Psychiatr Res,, 2021, 137:426-36.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.009 pmid:33774537

Singh J., et Col., “A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose frequency study of

intravenous ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression”, 2016, American

Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 816-826.

Sleigh, J., Harvey, M., Voss, L. & Denny, B., “Ketamine – More mechanisms of action than just

NMDA blockade”, 2014, Trends Anaesth. Crit. Care, 4, 76–81.

Smith-Apeldoorn SY, Veraart JKE, Kamphuis J et al (2020) Ketamine as an anesthetic, analgesic and

anti-depressant. Tijdschr Psychiatr 62(8):629–639

Sofia RD, Harakal JJ. Evaluation of ketamine HCl for anti-depressant activity. Arch Int Pharmacodyn

Ther. 1975 Mar;214(1):68–74.

Sos P, Klirova M, Novak T, Kohutova B, Horacek J, Palenicek T., “Relationship of ketamine's

antidepressant and psychotomimetic effects in unipolar depression”, 2013, Neuroendocrinol

Lett., 34, 4, 287–293.

Stafford P. Re-creational Uses of LSD. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 1985 Oct 1;17(4):219–28.

Stocker K, Hasler G, Hartmann M., “The altered-state-of- consciousness aspect of a feeling of

lightness is reported to be associated with antidepressant benefits by depressed individuals

receiving ketamine infusions: a systematic analysis of Internet video testimonials”,

Psychother Psychosom. 2019:1–2. Epub ahead of print

Strayer R., Nelson L., “Adverse events associated with ketamine for procedural sedation in

adults”, The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2008, 26, 9, 985-1028.

Sullivan, P., “Using ketamine to treat addictions”, 2018, Paper presented at the Kriya

Conference, The Nueva School. Hillsborough, CA, November 4.

Sumner RL, Chacko E, McMillan R, et al. « A qualitative and quantitative account of patient’s

experiences of ketamine and its antidepressant properties”, J Psychopharmacol, 2021, Aug, 35, 8,

946-961.

Szymkowicz S., et Col., “A 2-month naturalistic observation of three patients receiving repeat

intravenous ketamine infusions for their treatment-resistant depression”, 2013, Journal of

Affective Disorders, 147, 1-3, 416-420.

Taylor J, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Coughlin C, Mulqueen J, Johnson JA, Gabriel D, et al.

Ketamine for social anxiety disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial.

Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43(2): 325–33

Valentine G. et al., “The antidepressant effect of ketamine is not associated with changes in

occipital amino acid neurotransmitter content as measured by [(1)H]-MRS”, 2011, Psychiatry

Res. Neuroimaging,191, 2, 122–127.

‍

Van de Voort J., et Col., « Continuation phase intravenous ketamine in adults with treatment-

resistant depression”, 2016, J Affect Disord, 206, 300-304.

Vollenweider F., et Col., “ Differential psychopathology and pattern of cerebral glucose

utilization produced by (S)- and (R)-ketamine in healthy volunteers using positron emission

tomography (PET)”, 1997, European Neuropsychopharmacology, 7, 25-38.

Vollenweider F. X. & Kometer M., “The Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs: Implications for

the Treatment of Mood Disorders”, 2010, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 9, 642-651.

Wallach, J. 2018. “Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ketamine (and Related

Compounds)”. Paper Presented at the Kriya Conference, The Nueva School. Hillsborough, CA,

November 2. 

Walsh Z., et Col., “Ketamine for the treatment of mental health and substance use disorders:

comprehensive systematic review” BJPsych Open, 2022, 8, e19, 1-12.

Wan L., et Col., “Ketamine safety and tolerability in clinical trials for treatment-resistant

depression”, 2015, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 76, 3, 247-252.

Wang J, Wang Y, Xu X, et al. (2020) Use of various doses of S-ketamine in treatment of depression

and pain in cervical carcinoma patients with mild/moderate depression after laparoscopic total

hysterectomy. Medical Science Monitor 26

Watts R, Day C, Krzanowski J, Nutt D, Carhart-Harris R. Patients’ accounts of increased

“connectedness” and “acceptance” after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of

Humanistic Psychology. 2017;57(5):520–64.

Weber, F., H. Wulf, M. Gruber, and R. Biallas. 2004. S-ketamine and s-norketamine

plasmaconcentrations after nasal and iv administration in anesthetized children.

Paediatr†anaesth 14 (12):983–988. 

Weil A., Rosen W., “Chocolate to Morphine: Understanding Mind-Active Drugs”, 1983,

Psychology.

White, P.F.; Ham, J.; Way, W.L.; Trevor, A.J. Pharmacology of Ketamine Isomers in Surgical

Patients. Anesthesiology 1980, 52, 231–239. [CrossRef]

White, P.F.; Schüttler, J.; Shafer, A.; Stanski, D.R.; Horai, Y.; Trevor, A.J. Comparative

Pharmacology of the Ketamine Isomers. Studies in Volunteers. Br. J. Anaesth. 1985, 57,

197–203. [CrossRef]

Wilkinson S, Wright D, Fasula MK, Fenton L, Griepp M, Ostroff RB, et al., “Cognitive behavior

therapy may sustain antidepressant effects of intravenous ketamine in treatment-resistant

depression”, 2017a, Psychother. Psychosom., 86, 3, 162–167.

Wilkinson S., et Col., “A survey of the clinical, off-label use of ketamine as a treatment for

psychiatric disorders”, 2017b, American Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 7, 695-696.

‍

Wilkinson ST, Ballard ED, Bloch MH, et al., “The effect of a single dose of intravenous

ketamine on suicidal ideation: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-

analysis”, 2018, Am J Psychiatry, 175, 150–158.

Wilkinson ST, et Col., “Cognitive behavioral therapy to sustain the antidepressant effects of

ketamine in treatment resistant depression: A randomized clinical trial”, 2021, Psychother.

Psychosom., 90, 318-327.

Williams N. et Col., “Attenuation of antidepressants effects of ketamine by opioid receptor

antagonism”, 2018, American Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 1205-1215.

Witt K, Potts J, Hubers A, Grunebaum MF, Murrough JW, Loo C, et al. Ketamine for suicidal

ideation in adults with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of

treatment trials. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2020; 54(1): 29–45.

Wood DM, Davies S, Puchnarewicz M, Johnston A, Dargan PI, « Acute toxicity associated with the

recreational use of the ketamine derivative methoxetamine. », European journal of clinical

pharmacology,‎ 2011 (PMID 22205276).

Wolfson, P., and G. Hartelius, editors, “The ketamine papers”, 2016, Santa Cruz, CA: MAPS. 

Wolfson PE, Andries J, Ahlers D, Whippo M. Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy in adolescents with

multiple psychiatric diagnoses. Front Psych. (2023) 14:1141988. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1141988

Wolfson P., Vaid G., “Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, psychedelic methodologies, and the

impregnable value of the subjective—a new and evolving approach”, Front. Psychiatry, 01

February 2024, Volume 15 - 2024 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1209419

Wong A, Benedict NJ, Armahizer MJ, Kane-Gill SL. Evaluation of adjunctive ketamine to

benzodiazepines for management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Ann Pharmacother 2015;

49(1): 14–9.

Xiong J, et al, “The acute antisuicidal effects of single-dose intravenous ketamine and

intranasal esketamine in individuals with major depression and bipolar disorders: A

systematic review and meta-analysis”. J Psychiatr Res, 2021;134:57-68.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.038 pmid:33360864

Xu R, Zhan Y and Chen S (2017) Efect of intraoperative single administration of sub-anesthesia

ketamine on breast cancer patients with depression. Biomedical Research (India) 2017(Special Issue

HealthScienceandBioConvergenceTechnologyEdition-II): S552-S556.

Yang C., et Col., “R-ketamine : A rapid onset and sustained antidepressant without

psychotomimetic side effects”, 2015, Translational Psychiatry, 5, e632.

‍

Yao Chou T., & Hann-Chorng K., “ Ketamine cystitis: Its urological impact and management”,

2015, Urological Science, 26, 3, 153-157.

Yensen R., “Group psychotherapy with a variety of hallucinogens”, Septembre 1973,

Conference: Association for Humanistic Psychology Annual Meeting At: Montreal, Quebec,

Canada.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261359040_Group_Psychotherapy_with_a_Varie

ty_of_Hallucinogens

Yockey RA. Past-year ketamine use: evidence from a United States population, 2015-2019. J

Psychoactive Drugs. (2023) 55:134–40. doi: 10.1080/02791072. 2022.2058896

Yovell Y., et Col., “Ultra-Low-Dose Buprenorphine as a Time-Limited Treatment for Severe

Suicidal Ideation: A Randomized Controlled Trial”, 2016, AM J Psychiatry, 73, 5: 491-498.

Zacharias N. et Col., « Ketamine effects on default mode network activity and vigilance: A

randomized, placebo-controlled crossover simultaneous fMRI/EEG study”, Hum Brain Mapp.,

2020, 41, 1, 107-119.

Zanos P., et Col., “NMDAR inhibition-independent antidepressant actions of ketamine

metabolites », 2016, Nature, 533, 481-486.

Zanos P., et Col., “Ketamine and Ketamine Metabolite Pharmacology: Insights into

Therapeutic Mechanisms”, Pharmacol Rev , 2018, Jul;70(3):621-660. doi: 10.1124/pr.117.015198.

Zarate CA Jr, Singh JB, Carlson PJ, Brutsche NE, Ameli R, Luckenbaugh DA, Charney DS, Manji

HK., “A randomized trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant major

depression”, 2006, Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 8, 856-64.

Zarate C.A. et Col., “Replication of ketamine’s antidepressant efficacy in bipolar depression: a

randomized controlled add-on trial”, 2012, Biol. Psychiatry, 71, 11, 939-946.

Zarate, C., R. Duman, G. Liu, S. Sartori, J. Quiroz, and H. Murck., “ New paradigms for

treatment-resistant depression”, 2013, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1292,

1, 21–31. doi:10.1111/nyas.12223. 

Zarate et Col., « A Randomized Trial of a Low-Trapping Nonselective N-Methyl-D-Aspartate

Channel Blocker in Major Depression”, 2013b, Biological Psychiatry,74, 4 , 257-264

Zarate CA Jr, Niciu MJ. 2015 ketamine for depression: evidence, challenges and promise. World

Psychiatry. (2015) 14:348–50. doi: 10.1002/wps.20269

Zdanys K, Tampi RR. A systematic review of off-label uses of memantine for psychiatric

disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biological Psychiatry. 2008 Aug

Zhan Y., et Col., “A preliminary study of anti-suicidal efficacy of repeated ketamine infusions

in depression with suicidal ideation”, 2019, Journal of Affective Disorders, 251, 205-212.

‍

Zhang J., et Col., “R (-) ketamine shows greater potency and longer lasting antidepressant

effects than S (+) ketamine”, 2014, Pharmacology Biochemistry Behavior, 116, 137-141.

Zheng W. et Col., “Investigation of medical effect of multiple ketamine infusions on patients

with major depressive disorder”, 2019, Journal of Psychopharmacology, 33, 4, 494-501

Zdanys K, Tampi RR. A systematic review of off-label uses of memantine for psychiatric

disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biological Psychiatry. 2008 Aug

Zhang J., et Col., “R (-) ketamine shows greater potency and longer lasting antidepressant

effects than S (+) ketamine”, 2014, Pharmacology Biochemistry Behavior, 116, 137-141.

Zheng W. et Col., “Investigation of medical effect of multiple ketamine infusions on patients

with major depressive disorder”, 2019, Journal of Psychopharmacology, 33, 4, 494-501.

Zunszain PA, Horowitz MA, Cattaneo A, Lupi MM, Pariante CM. Ketamine: synaptogenesis,

immunomodulation and glycogen synthase kinase-3 as underlying mechanisms of its antidepressant

properties. Mol Psychiatry. 2013;18(12):1236–1241. doi:10.1038/mp.2013.87

‍

In Wolfson, P., and G. Hartelius, editors, “The ketamine papers”, 2016, Santa Cruz, CA:

MAPS. 

‍

In Grob C., Grigsby J. (Eds.), “Handbook of Medical Hallucinogens”, 2021, Guilford Press.

‍

Les psychédéliques regroupent plusieurs substances psychoactives d'origine naturelle ou synthétique. Elles sont largement reconnus pour leur haut potentiel thérapeutique dans le cadre d'une psychothérapie assistée par psychédélique (PAP) pour le traitement de l’anxiété, de la dépression, de nombreuses dépendances, du trouble de stress post-traumatique (PTSD), ou encore de la détresse anxio-dépressive de fin de vie. Ce haut potentiel thérapeutique représente à lui seul une révolution en cours dans le domaine de la santé mentale et du bien-être psychique.

L’agence gouvernementale américaine (Food and Drug Administration) chargée de protéger la santé publique a attribué le statut de thérapie révolutionnaire à ces 3 substances psychédéliques:

• La psilocybine : utilisée pour le traitement de l'anxiété, de plusieurs types de dépressions, dont la dépression sévère (dite "résistante" aux antidépresseurs), des dépendances, et de l'anxiété de fin de vie.
• La MDMA: utilisée pour le traitement des dépendances, des troubles alimentaires, des TOC, et de nombreux types de traumatismes (PTSD).
  
• La kétamine, utilisée pour le traitement de certaines dépressions.

La recherche scientifique a démontré l'utilité, l'innocuité (le caractère sans danger) et l'extraordinaire efficacité des thérapies psychédéliques pour de nombreuses indications.

La PAP est une forme innovante de psychothérapie, intégrant l'utilisation d'une substance psychoactive comme la psilocybine, ou encore la MDMA. Elle permet d'induire une profonde expérience thérapeutique de reconnexion à soi-même, et à “plus grand que soi-même”, facilitant ainsi une guérison transformatrice et durable. Cette approche constitue une puissante médecine globale intégrant toutes les dimensions humaines (physique, psychique, émotionnelle et spirituelle).

Dans un contexte de crise majeure en matière de santé mentale à l'échelle globale, touchant tous les milieux sociaux et toutes les communautés, incluant le monde du travail, la PAP s'avère extrêmement prometteuse pour son efficacité supérieure aux traitements classiques pour les indications suivantes : anxiété, burnout, plusieurs types de dépressions et de dépendances (alcool, tabac, opioïdes, cocaïne, etc.), troubles alimentaires, TOC, troubles de stress post-traumatique (PTSD), détresse de fin de vie dans le cadre d'une maladie menaçant le pronostic vital, et peut-être certaines maladies neurodégénératives (Parkinson, Alzheimer).

Certains praticiens du secteur, médecins, psychothérapeutes et chercheurs, n'hésitent donc pas à parler de "psychopharmacologie disruptive" ou encore de "turbo thérapie". Ce concept repose sur l'utilisation de protocoles thérapeutiques ciblant la substance psychédélique la plus adaptée à chaque patient, afin de l'accompagner vers une guérison transformatrice et durable, en tenant compte de son unicité (de son histoire unique, de ses traumatismes, etc.).

Ce nouveau paradigme psychothérapeutique permet d’accéder à une profonde reconnexion à soi, aux autres et au monde, une meilleure capacité d’acceptation du parcours de vie, une plus grande résilience, et une saine adaptation dans un monde en perpétuel changement.

Important : l'efficacité de la PAP - aussi communément appelée médecine psychédélique - repose autant sinon plus sur le niveau d'expérience et de compétence de l’équipe de praticiens et co-thérapeutes, que sur le choix du protocole et de la substance utilisés.

Il est aussi important de garder en tête que l'ensemble des substances psychédéliques sont, et resteront, des médicaments réglementés, soumis à un cadre d'usage légal en évolution rapide, facilitant ainsi l'accès à de nouveaux types de traitements.

La psychothérapie assistée par kétamine (KAP) est déjà proposée par plusieurs cliniques spécialisées au Canada, aux États-Unis et en Europe. De nombreux essais cliniques sont actuellement en cours afin de faire avancer la recherche, et ainsi permettre aux autorités gouvernementales (notamment Santé Canada) d’autoriser de nouveaux traitements pour une plus grande diversité d’indications dans le futur. À titre d'exemple, Santé Canada a autorisé en 2022 l’utilisation de la psilocybine et de la MDMA, dans le cadre de son Programme d’Accès Spécial (PAS). Ce changement réglementaire permet à certains patients d’accéder à une psychothérapie pleinement adaptée à leurs besoins dans le cadre d’un programme compassionnel. 

ENTEA prévoit d’offrir prochainement des thérapies d'intégration et des services de psychothérapie assistée par psychédélique.